Dry Eye Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Do your eyes water a lot? Do you struggle with redness or blurred vision? Do your eyes ever ache? All of these could be a sign of dry eye.
Dry eye syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a common condition that occurs when your eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears are of poor quality and do not adhere to the front surface of the eye, causing excessive tearing. This can lead to inflammation and damage to the surface of the eyes. Dry eye syndrome is more common in older adults, especially postmenopausal women. However, it can affect people of all ages.
Causes of Dry Eye Syndrome
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of dry eye syndrome. Some of the most common causes include:
- Aging: Tear production naturally decreases with age.
- Gender: Women are more likely to develop dry eye syndrome due to hormonal changes caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, and menopause.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as antihistamines, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants, can reduce tear production.
- Medical conditions: Rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, thyroid disorders, and vitamin A deficiency can increase the risk of dry eye syndrome.
- Environmental factors: Wind, dry air, smoke, and prolonged use of electronic devices can contribute to dry eye syndrome.
- Contact lens use: Wearing contact lenses can decrease tear production and increase evaporation of tears.
Symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome
The symptoms of dry eye syndrome can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- Dryness or grittiness in the eyes: This is the most common symptom of dry eye syndrome.
- Burning or stinging sensation in the eyes: This can be uncomfortable and even painful.
- Redness and inflammation of the eyes: The eyes may appear red and swollen.
- Discharge or crusting around the eyes: In severe cases, there may be a thick discharge or crusting around the eyes.
- Blurred vision: Dry eye syndrome can cause intermittent blurred vision and eye fatigue.
- Sensitivity to light: Bright lights can exacerbate the symptoms of dry eye syndrome.
- Difficulty wearing contact lenses: Dry eye syndrome can make it uncomfortable to wear contact lenses.
- Itchy Eyes: Many people believe that itchy eyes are due to allergies, however they are often due to dryness.
Diagnosis of Dry Eye Syndrome
Dry eye syndrome can be diagnosed with a comprehensive eye exam and a few simple tests. Your eye doctor may:
- Review your medical history: Certain medications and medical conditions can increase the risk of dry eye syndrome.
- Perform a visual acuity test: This test will determine if your vision has been affected by dry eye syndrome.
- Examine the surface of your eyes: Your eye doctor may use a slit lamp to examine the surface of your eyes for signs of dryness or damage.
- Check the quality of your tears: A tear breakup time test can measure how quickly your tears evaporate. For this test, a dye will be placed in your eyes and you will be asked to keep your eyes open without blinking for as long as possible while your eye doctor measures how long it takes for your tears to break up.
Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome
The treatment of dry eye syndrome depends on the severity of the condition. Some of the most common treatments include:
- Artificial tears: Over-the-counter artificial tears can help to lubricate and soothe the eyes. Preservative-free artificial tears are recommended for people who need to use them frequently.
- Prescription eye drops: If over-the-counter artificial tears do not provide adequate relief, your eye doctor may prescribe a medication to increase tear production. Restasis and Xiidra are common medications used to treat dry eye syndrome.
- Omega-3 fatty acids: These have anti-inflammatory properties that can help to reduce inflammation and promote healthy tear production. Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fatty fish, flaxseed, and walnuts. They are also available in supplement form.
- Warm compresses: Applying a warm compress to the eyes can help to loosen blockages in the oil-producing glands and promote healthy tear production.
- Avoiding wind and dry air: Wearing sunglasses or goggles when outdoors can help to protect the eyes from wind and dry air. Avoiding smoke and directing fans away from the face can also help to prevent dry eye syndrome.
- Blinking regularly: When working on a computer or reading, it is important to blink regularly to prevent dryness and irritation.
- Avoiding rubbing the eyes: While it may be tempting to rub the eyes to provide temporary relief, this can make the symptoms of dry eye syndrome worse and potentially damage the cornea.
Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome (In-Office)
Conclusion
Dry eye syndrome is a common condition that can cause a range of uncomfortable symptoms. However, there are several treatments available to provide relief. If you are experiencing symptoms of dry eye syndrome, it is important to schedule an appointment with an eye doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. With the right treatment, it is possible to manage the symptoms of dry eye syndrome and prevent long-term damage to the eyes.
Schedule an Appointment
If you are experiencing symptoms of dry eye syndrome, do not hesitate to schedule an eye exam with Dr. Thomas or Dr. Vetha. We would be happy to provide a comprehensive eye exam and recommend the best course of treatment. You can schedule an appointment by calling (706) 549-7757 or completing the appointment request form on our website. We look forward to helping you achieve optimal eye health.